In this paper, we introduce a new class of association rules (ARs) named "Multi-Relation Association Rules" which in contrast to primitive ARs (that are usually extracted from multi-relational databases), each rule item consists of one ENTITY and several relations. These relations indicate indirect relationship between entities. Consider the following Multi-Relation Association Rule where the first item consists of three relations live in, nearby and humid: "Those who live in a place which is near by a city with humid climate type and also are younger than20®their health condition is good". A new algorithm called MRARis proposed to extract such rules from directed graphs with labeled edges which are constructed from RDBMSs or semantic web data. Also, the question "how to convert RDBMS data or semantic web data to a directed graph with labeled edges?"is answered. In order to evaluate the proposed algorithm, some experiments are performed on a sample dataset and also a real-world drug semantic web dataset. Obtained results confirm the ability of the proposed algorithm in mining Multi-Relation Association Rules.

Background: Sulfur dioxide is a colorless gas, released from burning of coal, high-sulfur coal, and diesel fuel. Sulfur dioxide harms human health by reacting with the moisture in the nose, nasal cavity and throat and this is the way by which it destroys the nerves in the respiratory system.Objectives: The aim of this study was to focus on identifying the effects associated with sulfur dioxide on health in Ahvaz, Iran.Materials and Methods: Data collections were performed by Ahvaz meteorological organization and the department of environment. Sampling was performed for 24 hours in four stations. Methods of sampling and analysis were according to US environmental protection agency (EPA) guideline. Afterwards, we processed the raw data including instruction set correction of averaging, coding and filtering by Excel software and then, the impact of meteorological parameters were converted as the input file to the AirQ model. Finally, we calculated the health effects of exposure to sulfur dioxide.Results: According to the findings, the concentration of sulfur dioxide in Ahvaz had an annual average of 51 mg/m3. Sum of the numbers of hospital admissions for respiratory diseases attributed to sulfur dioxide was 25 cases in 2012. Approximately, 5% of the total hospital admissions for respiratory disease and respiratory mortality happened when sulfur dioxide concentration was more than 10 mg/m3.Conclusions: According to the results of this study, this increase could be due to higher fuel consumption, usage of gasoline in vehicles, oil industry, and steel and heavy industries in Ahwaz. The risk of mortality and morbidity were detected at the current concentrations of air pollutants.

Introduction: Tracheocele or tracheal diverticulum is an uncommon benign ENTITY that can be congenital or acquired. It is usually diagnosed incidentally on cervicothoracic imaging. Our aim is to describe the etiopathogenic, clinical and paraclinical features of the tracheocele as well as its therapeutic modalities. Case Report: We report 2 cases of asymptomatic congenital tracheocele occurred in a boy and a woman, incidentally found on cervical CT scan done for accidental ingestion of chicken bone and infected thyroid hematocele respectively. The tracheocele, in our 2 cases, was probably congenital: no risk factors were noted and the opening of the tracheocele was narrow. The tracheocele was located in the right posterolateral tracheal wall in the 2 cases. It communicated with the tracheal lumen in one case. The female patient underwent a right lobectomy and resection of the tracheocele. For the boy, our attitude was conservative. The evolution was uneventful in the 2 cases. Conclusions: The presence or absence of risk factors, CT scan, bronchoscopy and histologic exam may distinguish between congenital and acquired forms. Asymptomatic patients are managed conservatively. Surgical resection is the treatment of choice for symptomatic patients.